1.1 Современные виды и типы по совершенствованию бизнес-процессов В со translation - 1.1 Современные виды и типы по совершенствованию бизнес-процессов В со English how to say

1.1 Современные виды и типы по сове

1.1 Современные виды и типы по совершенствованию бизнес-процессов
В современном процессном управлении выделяют два концептуальных подхода совершенствования бизнес-процессов:
• постепенный (пошаговый) подход совершенствования процессов в рамках существующей организационной структуры управления, требующий незначительных капиталовложений или не требующих их вообще;
• кардинальный подход (по Хаммеру и Чампи), ведущий к существенным изменениям процесса и фундаментальным изменениям в организационной структуре управления.
Оба подхода базируются на общем фундаменте процессной теории и методологии управления процессами (описание границ процессов, описание самого процесса, установление контрольных точек в процессах, измерение показателей процесса, анализ полученной информации и предложений по совершенствованию). Они едины и в том, что направлены на выявление дублирования функций, узких мест, затратных центров, качества отдельных операций, отсутствующей информации, возможности автоматизации и управления качеством.
Достижение цели совершенствования бизнес-процессов в рамках описанных подходов осуществляется с помощью ряда методов. Исследователи выделяют пять основных методов достижения целей совершенствования бизнес-процессов организаций:
1. методика быстрого анализа решения (FAST);
2. бенчмаркинг процесса;
3. перепроектирование процесса;
4. инжиниринг процесса;
5. реинжиниринг процесса.
a. Методика быстрого анализа решения (FAST) концентрирует внимание на определенном процессе в ходе одно- или двухдневного совещания группы совершенствования процесса для определения способов улучшения этого процесса в течение последующих 90 дней. Решение группы может быть одобрено или отклонено руководством организации. В основе этой методики лежат интуитивные методы принятия решения: коллективной экспертной оценки и коллективной генерации идей («мозговой штурм» и метод деструктивной отнесенной оценки). Типичными улучшениями при применении FAST являются
снижение затрат и длительности цикла процесса. Уровень ошибок в случае принятия правильных решений снижается на 5-15% на 3-месячный период.
Преимуществами данного метода является быстрота выработки решения, минимальные затраты для реализации методики, ориентация на заказчика, который во многом определяет проблему или процесс как объект совершенствования и одобряет действия и решения группы FAST.
К важнейшим недостаткам можно отнести относительную локальность исследуемого процесса; исследования проводятся без учета взаимосвязи и взаимозависимости с другими бизнес-процессами организации; часто искореняется следствие, а не причина, которая может находиться за пределами анализируемого процесса; меры по совершенствованию бизнес-процесса могут быть эффективными непродолжительное время.
b.Бенчмаркингпроцесса основан на сравнительном анализе хозяйственных процессов организации с эталонными процессами организаций,выполняющих одинаковые или схожие процессы, но лучше функционирующих. Целью бенчмаркинга процесса является определение причин лучшего функционирования бизнес-процессов «эталонных» организаций и предотвращение нежелательных расхождений с ними в организациях, проводящих исследование.
Основнымипреимуществамиэтого метода можно считать незначительное время проведения, относительно небольшие затраты и усилия, связанные с совершенствованием бизнес-процессов. Бенчмаркинг позволяет достичь снижения затрат и длительности цикла процесса, при этом уровень ошибок снижается на 20-50%.
К существенным недостаткам можно отнести перенос проблем или ошибок, возникающих в процессе построения и функционирования бизнес-процессов «эталонных» организаций, скрытых внешней формой. В результате сохраняется высокая степень вероятности ошибочных решений при разработке мер по совершенствованию бизнес-процессов.
c. Перепроектирование процесса концентрирует внимание и усилия на совершенствовании существующего процесса. Перепроектирование обычно применяютктемпроцессам,которыеуспешно работают и в настоящий момент, но требуют коррекции в связи с изменившимися требованиями и потребностями клиента или потребителя. При перепроектировании процесса разрабатывается имитационная модель его текущего состояния. Перепроектирование имеет достаточно широкий спектр применения. По оценкам Д. Харрингтона, этот метод можно использовать для 70-90% основных бизнес-процессов. Нередко перепроектирование процесса проводят параллельно со сравнительным анализом (бенчмаркингом), чтобы перепроектированный процесс не оказался хуже или лучше соответствующего эталона.
Привлекательность перепроектирования процесса обусловлена тем, что этот метод позволяет уменьшать затраты, сокращать длительность цикла процесса, проводить работы от 80 до 100 дней и снижать количество ошибок на 30-60%.
Недостатки метода связаны с тем, что он в большей степени ориентирован на совершенствование бизнес-процессов или процессов, обеспечивающих те или иные функции управления. Тем самым он укрепляет позиции традиционных функционально-иерархических структур, не изменяя их содержания.
d. Инжиниринг процесса как метод совершенствования процессов организации воспринимается сегодня неоднозначно. Само понятие «инжиниринг» заимствовано из инженерной деятельности. Некоторые исследователи рассматривают инжиниринг процессов как общее понятие, включающее реинжиниринг бизнес-процессов и совершенс
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1.1 Modern kinds and types to improve business processes In the modern process management there are two conceptual approach of improving business processes:• incremental (incremental) approach to process improvement within the existing organizational structure of the Office, requiring little capital investment or do not require them at all;• critical approach (the Hammer and Champy), leading to significant changes in the process and fundamental changes in the organizational structure of the Office. Both approaches are based on a common foundation of process theory and methodology of management processes (processes, boundary description description of the process, the establishment of control points in the processes, measurement of process analysis of the received information and suggestions for improvement). They are United and that seek to identify duplication of functions, weaknesses, cost centres, the quality of individual operations, missing information, quality management and automation capabilities. The goal of improving business processes within the framework of these approaches is carried out through a number of methods. Researchers distinguish five main methods achieving the improvement of business processes in organizations:1. quick decision analysis methods (FAST);2. benchmarking process;3. on re-engineering of the process;4. process engineering;5. on re-engineering process. a quick decision analysis methodology (FAST) focuses on a particular process in the course of a one-or two-day meeting of the Group process to identify ways to improve the process during the next 90 days. The Panel can be approved or rejected by the organization. This methodology is based on intuitive methods for decision: the collective expertise and collective generation of ideas (brainstorming and evaluation related to the destructive method). Typical improvements when using FAST arereduce cost and cycle time of the process. The level of errors in case of making the right decisions is reduced by 5-15% on the 3-month period. Advantage of this method is speed, lowest cost solution for implementing methods, customer orientation, which largely defines the problem or process as an improvement and endorsed the actions and decisions of the Group FAST. The main disadvantages are the relative locality of the analyzed process; the studies are carried out without taking into account the interlinkages and interdependencies with other business processes of the Organization; often being eradicated, consequence, not the cause, which may be located outside of the process; measures to improve the business process can be effective for a short time. b. Benčmarkingprocessa is based on a comparative analysis of business processes organization with benchmark processes organizations that perform the same or similar processes, but better functioning. The benchmarking process is to determine the cause of a better functioning of the business-processes "reference" organizations and avoiding unwanted gaps in the organizations conducting the study. Osnovnymipreimuŝestvamiètogo method can be considered a little time, relatively small cost and effort associated with the improvement of business processes. Benchmarking allows you to achieve lower costs and cycle times in the process, and the level of errors is reduced by 20-50%. The disadvantages are significant transfer problems or errors encountered during construction and operation of business processes "reference" organizations, hidden external form. As a result there is a high probability of erroneous decisions when developing measures to improve business processes. c. Re-engineering process concentrates the attention and efforts to improve the existing process. Re-engineering usually primenâûtktemprocessam, kotoryeuspešno work, and at the moment, but require correction by the changing demands and needs of the customer or consumer. When re-designing process simulation model is developed to its current state. Re-engineering has quite a wide range of applications. According to d. Harrington, this method can be used to 70-90% of core business processes. Process re-engineering are often carried out in conjunction with the comparative analysis (benchmarking) to the redesigned process has turned out to be worse or better than the standard. The attractiveness of the redesign process is due to the fact that this technique allows you to reduce costs, shorten the duration of the process, conduct work from 80 to 100 days and reduce the number of errors at 30-60%. Disadvantages of this method are that it increasingly focuses on improving business processes or processes that the functions of the Office. It thus strengthens the position of traditional functional-hierarchical structures, without altering their content. d. the Engineering process as a method of improving the perceived today is ambiguous. The very concept of "Engineering" is borrowed from the engineering activities. Some researchers consider engineering as a general concept, which includes business process reengineering and excell
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1.1 Modern kinds and types to improve business processes
in the modern process management are two conceptual approach of improving business processes:
• gradual (step by step) approach process improvement within the existing organizational structure of management, requires little investment, or do not require them at all;
• a cardinal approach (by Hammer and Champy), leading to significant changes in the process and fundamental changes in the organizational structure of control.
Both approaches are based on a common foundation of process theory and methodology of process management (description of the boundaries of the process, the process itself, the establishment of control points in the process, measuring process , analysis of the information and suggestions for improvement). They are united and that are aimed at identifying duplication, bottlenecks, cost centers, the quality of individual operations, lack of information, automation and quality control.
Achieving the goal of improving business processes within the framework of these approaches by using a variety of methods. Researchers identify five basic methods of achieving the objectives of improving the business processes of organizations:
1. method of rapid analysis solutions (FAST);
2. benchmarking process;
3. redesign process;
4. engineering process;
5. re-engineering process.
A. Methods of rapid analysis solutions (FAST) focuses on a specific process in the course of a one- or two-day meeting of the Group to improve the process of identifying ways to improve the process for the next 90 days. The decision of the group can be approved or rejected by management. The basis of this technique are intuitive methods of decision-making: the collective expertise and collective generation of ideas ("brain storming" and destructive method of classifying evaluation). Typical improvements when using FAST are the
lower costs and the cycle time of the process. The error rate in the case of making the right decisions is reduced by 5-15% in the 3-month period.
The advantages of this method is the speed of the decision-making, the minimum cost for the implementation of methods, focus on the customer, which in many ways defines the problem as an object or process improvement and endorses the action and solutions group FAST.
The most important disadvantage is relative to the local process under investigation; Research carried out without taking into account the relationship and interdependence with other business processes of the organization; often it eradicated a consequence, not a cause, which may be located outside the process being analyzed; measures to improve the business process can be effective for a short time.
b.Benchmarkingprotsessa based on a comparative analysis of business processes of the organization with the standard processes of the organization performing the same or similar processes, but better functioning. The purpose of benchmarking is to identify the reasons for the better functioning of business processes "standard" organization and the prevention of unwanted differences with them in research organizations.
Osnovnymipreimuschestvamietogo method can be considered a minor time of the relatively small cost and effort associated with the improvement of business processes. Benchmarking allows to achieve lower costs and cycle time of the process, while the error rate is reduced by 20-50%.
The essential disadvantage is the transfer of problems or errors occurring during the construction and operation of the business process "standard" organizations, hidden external form. The result is a high degree of probability of wrong decisions in the development of measures to improve the business processes.
C. Redesigning the process and focuses its efforts on improving the existing process. Redesigning usually primenyayutktemprotsessam, kotoryeuspeshno work and at the moment, but require correction due to changed requirements and needs of the customer or consumer. When redesigning the process simulation model is developed to its current state. Redesign has a fairly wide range of applications. According to the D. Harrington, this method can be used for 70-90% of core business processes. Often the redesign process is carried out in parallel with the comparative analysis (benchmarking) to redesign the process is not proved better or worse than the corresponding standard.
The attractiveness of the redesign process is due to the fact that this method allows us to reduce costs, shorten cycle time of the process, the work of 80 to 100 days and reduce the number of errors by 30-60%.
Drawbacks associated with the fact that he is more focused on improving business processes or processes that provide certain management functions. He thus strengthens the position of the traditional functional and hierarchical structures without changing their content.
D. Engineering process as a method of improving the processes of the organization is perceived today is ambiguous. The concept of "engineering" is borrowed from engineering activities. Some researchers consider process engineering as a general concept that includes business process reengineering and sovershens
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1.1 Modern types and types to improve business processes
in a modern theâ management emit two conceptual approach improving business processes:
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