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Soseki NatsumeYours truly the catTranslated By L. Koršikova, A. StrugatskyTable of contents [next section]Preface"Your humble servant of the cat" ("Vagahaj WA Neko Zaru") to ... In the title story is hidden a subtle humor. This short phrase sounds so old-fashioned courtesy, though readers appear to be some gramotej, practiced in the book of wisdom. And no wonder: talking cat school teacher.After hearing in the House of his master the smart talk of new currents of contemporary thought, particularly on the trendy individualism and of "Superman," he imagines himself being unusual, true "son of the twentieth century". Comic situations, as in "Gulliver's Travels" Swift is that dwarf takes a giant size of his small world with a full sense of their own superiority. The owner seems like a cat "," silly antics, the eccentric master-top absurdity. The dwarf holds the key to the soul of a giant. But this is true only if the small creature "cat" Mirka is a truly great man. "Not all people are people"-that is the implication of the story.One of the most effective techniques of satire is to transfer the phenomena that appear to be "big", "great", in a "small world" and thereby deprive them of imaginary, illusory significance, debunk them, make them laugh.When the cat in the battle with the mice declares himself Admiral of the ridiculous not only cat: first of all, The Admiral is ridiculous. Featuring Japanese society of its time in terms of parody and the grotesque, as if the writer turns a pair of binoculars, a short side. Naïve judgments cat not only amusing, they give a strong sense of the absurdity of life.The story begins in tones of gentle humor and turns into an angry satire sviftovskogo scale, "poured bitterness and anger." Gulliver on the hands and feet is liliputami. The joke is no longer able to cover up the tragedy, hide anger and despair. The protagonist of the story the teacher Kusâmi is the author. In a stuffy "cat's ' world of Philistines choking man big heart and mind, a wonderful writer-humanist Natsume Soseki. On all sides it impacted animal in the image of the people: the nincompoops, moneybags, any small selling creation; but it beats its enemies, an acute arms words, weapons of satire, and the echo of strikes is spread throughout Japan."Your humble servant of the cat" is the first great satirical novel in Japanese literature of the time.Нацумэ Сосэки родился 5 января того самого 1867 года, когда молодой буржуазной Японии удалось наконец бурным натиском прорвать обветшалую плотину феодализма. Но взбаламученные волны скоро успокоились. Возникло буржуазно-монархическое государство, слегка подкрашенное умеренным, вполне благопристойным либерализмом. Император Мэйдзи позировал в роли «просвещенного государя», покровителя науки и искусства, сам сочинял стихи. Он считался «потомком богов на земле». При новом режиме нашли себе место под солнцем и старые феодалы, влившиеся в ряды правящей дворянской бюрократии, и деятели промышленного капитализма. Но многие «мелкие люди» потеряли свои хлебные места в результате последовавших после буржуазной революции преобразований, растерялись, ожесточились. Среди них оказался и отец Нацумэ Сосэки. При феодальном режиме он занимал наследственную должность «нануси» – старшины в одной из общин города Эдо (Токио). Должность эта приносила ему немалые доходы. Он не сумел приспособиться к новым порядкам, семья обеднела. Будущий писатель появился на свет в «день обезьяны» по старому японскому календарю. Старинное поверье гласило, что родившийся в этот день становится вором. Беду можно было отвести, дав ребенку имя, в состав которого входит иероглиф «Кин» (деньги). Мальчика нарекли Кинноскэ (имя Сосэки является литературным псевдонимом писателя). Престарелые родители не обрадовались появлению нового, шестого по счету, ребенка и отдали его в чужую семью. Им распоряжались как вещью. Супруги, усыновившие Кинноскэ, через несколько лет разошлись, и родителям волей-неволей пришлось взять сына обратно. Для них он был нежеланной обузой, лишним ртом.In the story of "Boy" Natsume Soseki with bitter humor recalls his own childhood. He later told about it again in the essays "through the glass door. Mother and father loved only older children. Once the night maid of pity for an abandoned child quietly whispered in his ear a few sensitive lay words, and he remembered about them all my life. In the writer's early talent manifested itself, but in the bourgeois environment, it may not come across in the understanding.Even at school, grew fond of Soseki literature. He recounts in his memoirs ("Remembering their first work"):"At the age of fifteen to sixteen years I have been addicted to reading Chinese classics, literature and novels. I wanted to compose himself, but when I said this to her, now deceased, to his brother, he razbranil me, saying that literature cannot be considered as a serious pastime, is nothing more than good fun. "I must say that this view of literature has been widely circulated in the old feudal times and faded away immediately.In September 1888, Sōseki entered the Preparatory Department of the University of Tokyo. There he became acquainted with the poet Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902). Friendship with him played a very important role in the life of Soseki. Masaoka Shiki not only himself was a talented poet-innovator, he was able to find talent and flair in the other, wake him up, encourage. Gradually, he gathered around him a large,
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