Культура XIX в. является культурой

Культура XIX в. является культурой сложившихся буржуазных отношений. К концу XVIII в. капитализм как система полностью сформировался. Он охватил все отрасли материального производства, что повлекло соответствующие преобразования в непроизводственной сфере (политике, науке, философии, искусстве, образовании, быту, общественном сознании).

Для культуры этого периода характерно отражение внутренних противоречий буржуазного общества. Столкновение противоположных тенденций, борьба основных классов — буржуазии и пролетариата, поляризация общества, стремительный взлет материальной культуры и начавшееся отчуждение личности определили характер духовной культуры того времени.

В XIX в. происходит коренной переворот, связанный с появлением машины, которая отдаляет человека от природы, ломая привычные представления о его главенствующей роли, и превращает человека в зависимое от машины существо. В условиях интенсифицирующейся механизации человек уходит на периферию духовной жизни, отрывается от духовных основ. Место ремесленного труда, связанного с личностью и творчеством мастера, занял монотонный труд.

Духовная культура XIX в. развивалась и функционировала под влиянием двух важнейших факторов: успехов в области философии и естествознания. Ведущей доминантой культуры XIX в. была наука.

Различные ценностные ориентации основывались на двух исходных позициях: установлении и утверждении ценностей буржуазного образа жизни, с одной стороны, и критическом неприятии буржуазного общества, с другой. Отсюда — появление столь несходных явлений в культуре XIX в.: романтизма, критического реализма, символизма, натурализма, позитивизма и т.д.

Results (English) 1:

Culture is a culture of the 19th century these bourgeois relations. By the end of the 18th century capitalism as a system is fully formed. He embraced all branches of material production, which led to the conversion of the non-production sphere (policy, science, philosophy, the arts, education, domestic violence, social consciousness). The culture of this period is characterized by the reflection of the internal contradictions of bourgeois society. Clash of opposing trends, fighting major classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the polarization of society, the meteoric rise of material culture and identity have identified the nature of the alienation that began the spiritual culture of the time. In the 19th century is radical upheaval associated with the advent of the machine which alienates man from nature, breaking the traditional perception of his primacy, and renders the machine dependent creature. The intensificiruûŝejsâ man in the periphery of the mechanization of the spiritual life, from spiritual foundations. Place craft labor that is associated with the personality and creativity of master, took the drudgery. The spiritual culture of the 19th century and was influenced by two important factors: advances in philosophy and natural science. Leading the dominant culture of the 19th century was a science. Different value orientations are based on two basic positions: define and validate the values of bourgeois way of life, on the one hand, and a critical rejection of bourgeois society, on the other. Hence, the appearance of such dissimilar phenomena in culture of the 19th century: romanticism, critical realism, naturalism, symbolism, of positivism, etc.

Results (English) 2:

The culture of the XIX century. a prevailing culture of bourgeois relations. By the end of the XVIII century. Capitalism as a system is fully formed. He covered all branches of material production, which led to corresponding changes in the non-manufacturing sector (politics, science, philosophy, art, education, family life, social consciousness). For the culture of this period is characterized by a reflection of the internal contradictions of bourgeois society. The clash of opposing tendencies, the struggle of the main classes - the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the polarization of society, the meteoric rise of the material culture and the beginning of the alienation of the individual determined the nature of the spiritual culture of the time. In the XIX century. radical change occurs associated with the appearance of the machine, which separates man from nature, breaking the usual understanding of its dominant role, and renders a person depending on the machine being. In the context of intensifying mechanization person leaves the periphery of the spiritual life, detached from the spiritual foundations. Place craft labor associated with the person and work of the master, he took the drudgery. Spiritual culture of the XIX century. develop and function under the influence of two major factors: progress in the field of philosophy and science. Leading the dominant culture of the XIX century. was science. Various value orientations are based on the two starting positions: establishing and valuing the bourgeois way of life, on the one hand, and the critical rejection of bourgeois society, on the other. Hence - the emergence of such disparate phenomena in the culture of the XIX century .: romanticism, critical realism, symbolism, naturalism, positivism, etc.

Results (English) 3:

Culture culture is a XIX century the prevailing bourgeois relations. By the end of XVIII century capitalism as the system is fully emerged. It covered all material production industry,That would entail the corresponding changes in the non-productive sphere (politics, science, philosophy, the arts, education, domestic violence, public consciousness).

The culture of this period is characterized by internal contradictions reflected society where you sit. A collision between opposing tendencies, the fight against major classes - bourgeoisie and proletariat, the polarization of the society,The meteoric rise material culture and began exclusion identity determined the nature of spiritual culture of that time. Lord in the nineteenth century is at the root of coup d'etat, is associated with the emergence machine,Which leads from nature, damaging the game on the primacy of the role of the it, and it turns in a dependent human creature from the machine.In a интенсифицирующеися mechanization man takes to the edge spiritual life, opens the spiritual foundations. The handicraft labor, associated with personality and creative wizard, took monotonous work.

Spiritual culture XIX b. has developed and operated influenced by two major factors: success in the field of philosophy and natural science. Leading a culture dominated by the nineteenth century it was science.

Different value orientation are based on two basic positions: setting and approval values where you sit way of life, on the one hand, and a critical rejection where you sit society, on the other.Hence, the appearance is so несходных phenomena in the culture of XIX in.: romanticism, critical realism, symbolism, these artists looked intently, reggae, etc..