Декарт развивает специальное учение

Декарт развивает специальное учение о методе, которое он сам резюмирует в следующих четырех правилах:

1) Не принимать ничего на веру, в чем с очевидностью не уверен. Избегать всякой поспешности и предубеждения и включать в свои суждения только то, что представляется уму столь ясно и отчетливо, что никоим образом не сможет дать повод к сомнению;
2) разделять каждую проблему, избранную для изучения, на столько частей, сколько возможно и необходимо для наилучшего ее разрешения;
3) располагать свои мысли в определенном порядке, начиная с предметов простейших и легкопознаваемых, и восходить мало-помалу, как по ступеням, до познания наиболее сложных, допуская существование порядка даже среди тех, которые в естественном ходе вещей не предшествуют друг другу;
4) делать всюду перечни настолько полные и обзоры столь всеохватывающие, чтобы быть уверенным, что ничего не пропущено.

Эти правила можно обозначить соответственно как правила очевидности (достижение должного качества знания), анализа (идущего до последних оснований), синтеза (осуществляемого во всей своей полноте) и контроля (позволяющего избежать ошибок в осуществлении как анализа, так и синтеза). Продуманный так метод следовало применить теперь к собственно философскому познанию.

Первая проблема состояла в том, чтобы обнаружить очевидные истины, лежащие в основе всего нашего знания.

Results (English) 1:

Descartes develops a special teaching method, which he himself summed up in the following four rules: 1) not take anything on faith, what is clearly not convinced. Avoid any haste and bias and to include in their judgments only what appeared to be the mind so clearly and distinctly that in no way can give rise to doubt;2) divide each issue chosen for study, as many parts as possible and necessary to best her permission;3) have their thoughts in a specific order, starting with the simplest items and legkopoznavaemyh, and ascending little by little, as the stairs, to the knowledge of the most complex, allowing the existence of order even among those in the natural course of things does not precede each other;4) do everywhere so full lists and reviews so inclusive as to be sure that nothing is missed. These rules may be referred to respectively as the rules of evidence (to achieve quality knowledge) analysis (ongoing until the last reason), synthesis (carried out in its entirety) and control (to avoid errors in the implementation of both analysis and synthesis). Thoughtful so method should apply now to the actual philosophical cognition. The first problem was to find the obvious truths that underlie all our knowledge.

Results (English) 2:

Descartes develops the doctrine of a special method, which he sums up in the following four rules: 1) Do not take anything for granted, what is obviously not sure. Avoid all haste and prejudice, and to include in its judgment only what seems to mind so clearly and distinctly, that in no way can give rise to the question, 2) divide each problem, chosen for the study, on as many parts as possible and necessary to best to resolve it; 3) have their thoughts in order, starting with objects the simplest and legkopoznavaemyh and rise gradually as the stairs, to the knowledge of the most complex, assuming an order, even among those who in the natural course of things do not precede each friend; 4) do everywhere lists so complete and reviews so inclusive, to be sure that nothing is missing. These rules can be defined respectively as the rules of evidence (to achieve adequate quality of knowledge), analysis (coming to the last reason), synthesis (carried out in their entirety) and control (to avoid errors in the implementation of both analysis and synthesis). Considered as a method should be applied now to the proper philosophical knowledge. The first problem was to find obvious truths that underlie all of our knowledge.

Results (English) 3:

descartes develops a special teaching method, which he summarized in the following four rules:

1) don't take anything on faith, which clearly is not sure.avoid all haste and prejudices, and to include in their judgment of what appears to be a mind so clearly and distinctly that in no way can give rise to the question;
2) to every problemthe selection of the study, at as many parts as possible, and to the best of its authorization;
3) have their thoughts in a certain order, starting with the simplest and легкопознаваемых items.and rise gradually as the stairs, to the knowledge of the most complex, allowing the existence of even among those in the natural the things not precede each other.
4) do all lists so full and so comprehensive reviews to make sure nothing missing.

these rules may be designated, respectively, as the rules of clear (achieving the proper quality of knowledge), analysis (going to the last reason)the synthesis of (implemented in its entirety) and control (in order to avoid mistakes in the implementation of both analysis and synthesis).this method was applied to a basically philosophical cognition.

the first problem was to find the truth behind all our knowledge.