3.1 Архитектура и структура програм

3.1 Архитектура и структура программных и аппаратных средств.
Веб-приложение состоит из клиентской и серверной частей, тем самым реализуя технологию «клиент-сервер».
Клиентская часть реализует пользовательский интерфейс, формирует запросы к серверу и обрабатывает ответы от него.
Серверная часть получает запрос от клиента, выполняет вычисления, после этого формирует веб-страницу и отправляет её клиенту по сети с использованием протокола HTTP.
Отображением результатов запросов, а также приемом данных от клиента и их передачей на сервер обычно занимается специальноеприложение — браузер (Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Opera и т. д.). Как известно, одной из функций браузера является отображениеданных, полученных из Интернета, в виде страницы, описанной на языке HTML, следовательно, результат, передаваемый сервером клиенту, должен быть представлен на этом языке.
На стороне сервера Web-приложение выполняется специальным программным обеспечением (Web-сервером), который и принимает запросы клиентов, обрабатывает их, формирует ответ в виде страницы, описанной на языке HTML, и передает его клиенту. Одним из таких Web-серверов является Internet Information Services (IIS) компании Microsoft. Это единственный Web-сервер, который способен выполнять Web-приложения, созданные с использованием технологии ASP.NET.
В процессе обработки запроса пользователя Web-приложение компонует ответ на основе исполнения программного кода, работающего на стороне сервера, Web-формы, страницы HTML, другого содержимого, включая графические файлы. В результате, как уже было сказано, формируется HTML-страница, которая и отправляется клиенту. Получается, что результат работы Web-приложения идентичен результату запроса к традиционному Web-сайту, однако, в отличие от него, Web-приложение генерирует HTML-код в зависимости от запроса пользователя, а не просто передает его клиенту в том виде, в котором этот код хранится в файле на стороне сервера. То есть Web-приложение динамически формирует ответ с помощью исполняемого кода — так называемой исполняемой части.
Само веб-приложение может выступать в качестве клиента других служб, например, базы данных или другого веб-приложения, расположенного на другом сервере.
В настоящее время набирает популярность новый подход к разработке веб-приложений, называемый Ajax. При использовании Ajax страницы веб-приложения не перезагружаются целиком, а лишь догружают необходимые данные с сервера, что делает их более интерактивными и производительными.
Для создания веб-приложений на стороне сервера используются разнообразные технологии и любые языки программирования, способные осуществлять вывод в стандартную консоль.
Клиент-сервер — вычислительная или сетевая архитектура, в которой задания или сетевая нагрузка распределены между поставщиками услуг, называемыми серверами, и заказчиками услуг, называемыми клиентами.
Физически клиент и сервер — это программное обеспечение. Обычно они взаимодействуют через компьютерную сеть посредством сетевых протоколов и находятся на разных вычислительных машинах, но могут выполняться также и на одной машине.
Программы — сервера, ожидают от клиентских программ запросы и предоставляют им свои ресурсы в виде данных (например, загрузка файлов посредством HTTP,FTP, потоковое мультимедиа или работа с базами данных) или сервисных функций (например, работа с электронной почтой, общение посредством систем мгновенного обмена сообщениями, просмотр web-страниц во всемирной паутине).
Преимущества:
• Отсутствие дублирования кода программы-сервера программами-клиентами.
• Так как все вычисления выполняются на сервере, то требования к компьютерам, на которых установлен клиент, снижаются.
• Все данные хранятся на сервере, который, как правило, защищён гораздо лучше большинства клиентов. На сервере проще организовать контроль полномочий, чтобы разрешать доступ к данным только клиентам с соответствующими правами доступа.
Недостатки:
• Неработоспособность сервера может сделать неработоспособной всю вычислительную сеть. Неработоспособным сервером следует считать сервер, производительности которого не хватает на обслуживание всех клиентов, а также сервер, находящийся на ремонте, профилактике и т. п.
• Поддержка работы данной системы требует отдельного специалиста — системного администратора.
• Высокая стоимость оборудования.

Results (English) 1:

3.1 Architecture and structure of the software and hardware.Web application consists of client and server parts, thus realizing client-server technology. "The client implements the user interface generates requests to the server and handle responses from it.The server receives the request from the client, performs calculations, and then generates a Web page and sends it to the client over the network by using the HTTP protocol.Displaying query results, as well as receiving data from the client and their transfer to the server typically is special′noepriloženie is a browser (Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Opera, etc.). As you know, one of the functions of a browser is otobraženiedannyh from the Internet, in the form of page described in HTML, therefore the output that is sent from the server to the client, should be submitted in that language.Server-side Web application runs special software (Web server), which accepts requests from clients, processes them, produces a response in the form of page described in HTML and sends it to the client. One such Web server is Internet Information Services (IIS) Microsoft. This is the only Web server that is able to perform Web application built using ASP.NET technology.In the course of processing a user request a Web application assembles a response based on the execution of code that runs on the server side, Web forms, HTML pages, and other content, including graphics. As a result, as has been said, is the HTML page that is sent to the client. It turns out that the results of the Web application is identical to the query result to a traditional Web site, but, unlike him, the Web application generates the HTML code depending on the user's request and not just pass it to the client in the form in which this code is stored in a file on the server side. A Web application dynamically generates a response using the executable code is called an executable part.The Web application can act as a client to other services such as databases or other Web application located on another server. Currently popular new approach to developing Web applications called Ajax. With Ajax, Web applications are not reloaded completely and only dogružaût the necessary data from the server, making them more interactive and productive.To create Web applications on the server side, use a variety of technologies and programming languages, capable of output to the standard console. Client-server is a computer or a network architecture in which a task or network load distributed between service providers, called servers, and clients, called clients. Physically, the client and the server is software. Usually they interact via the computer network through network protocols and are on different computers, but also can run on the same machine. The server program is expected from the client program requests and provide resources in the form of data (for example, downloading files via HTTP, FTP, streaming media, or work with databases) or service functions (for example, work with e-mail, chatting through instant messaging, web browsing on the World Wide Web).Advantages:• No duplication of code-server software customers.• Since all calculations are performed on the server, the requirements for computers that have the customer, reduced.• All data is stored on the server, which is typically protected by much better for most customers. On the server easier to organize control authority to allow access to data only to clients with the appropriate access rights.Disadvantages:• A broken server can make unusable the entire computer network. Fail the server should be the server performance is not enough to serve all clients and server for maintenance, preventive maintenance, etc.• Support the work of the system requires a separate specialist-systems administrator.• High cost of the equipment.

Results (English) 2:

3.1 The architecture and structure of software and hardware.
The Web application consists of client and server, thus implementing technology "client-server".
The client side implements a user interface, the request to the server and handles the responses from him.
The server side receives a request from the client, performs calculations, then creates a web page and sends it to the client over the network using the protocol HTTP.
display the query results, and data is received from the client, and their transmission to the server is usually responsible spetsialnoeprilozhenie - browser (Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Opera, and t. e.). It is known that one of the functions of the browser is otobrazheniedannyh obtained from the Internet, in the form of pages described in the language of HTML, therefore, the result provided by the server to the client, to be submitted in this language.
On the server side, Web-based application runs special software (Web -server), which receives customer requests, processes them, generates the response of the page described in a language HTML, and sends it to the client. One of these is of Web-servers Internet Information Services (IIS) to Microsoft. This is the only Web-server, which is able to perform Web-based applications by using the technology of ASP.NET.
During the processing of a user request Web-based application assembles a response based on the execution of code running on the server side, Web-form, the page HTML, other content, including graphic files. As a result, as already mentioned, it is formed HTML-page, which is sent to the client. It turns out that the result of the Web-based applications the query result is identical to a conventional Web-site, but in contrast, Web-application generates HTML-code depending on the user's request, rather than simply passes it to the client in the form in which the code is stored in a file on the server side. That is, the Web-based application dynamically generates a response to the executable code - the so-called executable part.
The very web application can act as a client to other services, such as a database or another web application located on another server.
Currently gaining popularity a new approach to web application development, called Ajax. When using the Ajax Web application is not fully reloaded and reloaded only the necessary data from the server, making them more interactive and productive.
To create Web applications on the server side use a variety of technology and any programming languages ​​that can be output to the standard console.
Client-server - the computer or network architecture in which tasks or network load is distributed between the service providers, called servers, and customers services, called the client.
Physically, the client and server - the software. Usually they interact via a computer network by means of network protocols and are on different computers, but can also be performed on a single machine.
Programs - server, expect the client programs requests and provide them with the resources in the form of data (such as downloading files via HTTP, FTP, streaming media, or working with databases) or service functions (for example, work with e-mail, chat via instant messaging, browsing web-pages on the World Wide Web).
Advantages:
• No overlap of program code server client software.
• Since all calculations are performed on the server, the requirements for the computer on which the client is installed, reduced.
• All data is stored on the server, which is usually protected much better than most clients. On the server easier to organize control authority to allow access to the data only to customers with appropriate access rights.
Disadvantages:
• A broken server can make inoperable the entire computer network. Downtime of the server should be considered the server performance is not enough to serve all customers, as well as a server located in the repair, preventive maintenance, and so on. N.
• Support of this system requires a separate specialist - system administrator.
• The high cost of equipment.

Results (English) 3:

3.1 Architecture and design software and hardware.
a Web application consists of client and server parts, thereby delivering technology "client-server" .
The client part of a user interface, generates requests to the server and handles responses from him.
Server part receives the request from the client, performs calculations,After that generates a web page, and sends it to the customer on the network using HTTP protocol.
displaying query results,As well as receiving data from the client and their transfer to the server usually engaged in специальноеприложение - the browser (Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Opera, etc. ). As is well known, one of the functions is browser отображениеданных,Received from the Internet, in the form of a page, as described in the language HTML, therefore, the result that is transmitted by the server to the client, should be submitted to the language.
On the server side web application runs special software (Web server), which is customer requests, processes them, generates a response in the form of a page, as described in the language HTML,And transmits it to the customer. One such Web servers is Internet Information Services (IIS) from Microsoft. This is the only Web server, which is able to perform Web application, built using technology ASP.NET.
In the context of the processing request, the user web application nests response on the basis of software code, running on the server side, web forms, HTML page, other content, including graphics files.As a result, as has already been said, is a HTML page, which is sent to the customer. It is likely that the outcome of the work of the Web-based applications is identical result query to the traditional web site, however,In contrast to it, the Web application generates the HTML code, depending on the user's request, and not simply sends it to the customer in the form in which this code is stored in a file on the server side.It is a Web-based application dynamically generates a response using the executable code, the so-called an executable part.
is itself a web application can serve as a client other services, for example,Database or other web applications, located on another server.
is currently gaining popularity a new approach to the development of the web application, called Ajax.If you are using Ajax page web applications are not restarted entirely, and only догружают the necessary data from the server, which makes them more interactive and productive.
For the creation of web applications on the server side uses a variety of technology and any programming languages, able to lead in a standard console.
Client-to-server - a computer or network architecture, in which a job or network load distributed between service providers, called servers, and customer services, called clients.
Physically the client and the server is a software program. Usually, they interact through a computer network through network protocols and are on different computing machines,But it can also be carried out and on a single machine.
Program - server, expect from client programs requests and provide them with their own resources in the form of data (for example, to download files via HTTP,FTP,Streaming media or work with databases) or service functions (for example, work with e-mail, communicate through instant messaging, viewing web pages on the world wide web) .
Benefits:
- No duplication program code-server-clients.
- as all the calculations are performed on the server, the requirements to the computers on which client is installed, is reduced.
All data is stored on the server, which, as a rule, is protected much better than most of your customers. On the server it is easier to organize monitoring authority,To allow access to the data only to customers with the relevant access rights.
shortcomings:
- An unusable server can make inoperable the entire computer network.Server outages should be considered as the server, performance which is not enough to service all the customers, as well as server that is located on the repair, prevention, etc.
Support for the work of this system requires a separate specialist - system administrator.
the high cost of equipment.